Chemical Composition, Bioactive Potential, and Thermal Behaviour of Cyperus scariosus Essential Oil

Plant derived oils have recently been found to be more effective in pharmaceutical sectors than synthetic goods since these plants contain physiologically active chemicals with a wide range of therapeutic effects. Essential oil, also known as essence, volatile oil, etheric oil, or aetheroleum, is a complex mixture of volatile elements biosynthesised by living organisms, which is particularly abundant in aromatic plants. This research summarizes facts on the chemistry of essential oil isolated from Cyperus scariosus on the one hand and their most important biological activities on the other. The essential oil components were determined to be a complex mixture of volatile chemicals such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and their oxygenated derivatives using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thermoanalytical techniques such as TGA and DSC were used to investigate the oil's stability. Infrared spectroscopy was used to provide further information on the existence of various functional groups. Furthermore, the extracted oil's antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimalarial activities were investigated. The antimalarial activity was tested against Plasmodium falciparum, and the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity were calculated using the DPPH reagent. This comprehensive study will provide an overview of the chemicals extracted from Cyperus scariosus as well as the plant's convincing pharmacological qualities.