Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Patients Attending Rivers State Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Disease of ear, nose and throat (ENT) affect the functioning of adults as well as children, often with significant challenge to of the daily life of affected patients. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species are the most prevalent etiologic agent of ENT infections. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of molecularly Characterized the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species in the Ear and Throat among Patients Attending Rivers State Teaching Hospital. Total number of eighty samples of throat swab, and aural (ear) swab were collected aseptically using sterile Evepon swab sticks and the sample collected were properly labelled with patients' number, date and the side. The swabs were immediately transported with a transportation medium in sterile cotton plugged test tube to the microbiology laboratory for further analysis. Qquestionnaires were administered for degraphic data collections. Each throat and aural swab sample was inoculated onto Mannitol salt agar and Cetrimide agar plates for isolation of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species respectively. The plates were incubated at 37°C and examined for growth after 24-48 hours. Pure culture of the isolates were primarily identified biochemically and confirmed using molecular approaches. Antibiogram of the isolates was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Results shows that out of the 50 ear swabs and 30 throat swab samples, 17 (34%) and 8 (26.7%) of the throat swabs ear swabs were positive of Pseudomonas spp. While for the Staphylococcus spp. 8 (16%) out of the 50 ear swabs and 4 (13.7%) out of 30 throat swabs were positive. The molecular results of the isolates shows that Pseudomonas fluorescens NR_115715.1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR_113599.1.

Staphylococcus aureus NR_113956.1. were the predominates species isolated from both ear and throat swabs. The results of antibiogram of the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species isolated revealed that commonly uses antibiotics especially Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cloxacillin Gentamicin and Augmentin were 100% resistant to the isolates only Ofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Nitrofurantoin were susceptible to the isolates with a percentage of 80.2%, 85.7% and 90%. The findings of this study points to the high level of frequent and indescrimate uses of antibiotics among patient suffering from symptoms of ENT resulting to difficulty in the treatment of infections using common antibiotics. It is strongly recommended that ccontinuous monitoring of patients is required for preparing antibiograms. These susceptibility results will help the physician for deciding the empirical regime for the patients.