Impact of Potassium Inoculants and Biotite on Soil Microbial Population and Enzymatic Activity under Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation in Gangetic Plains

The study explores the impact of potassium inoculants and black mica on soil microbial populations and enzymatic activity in maize cultivated soils. Microbial communities fueled by root exudates play essential roles in nutrient cycling, plant health, and soil structure. This study investigates the effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) and mineral potassium on microbial populations and enzymatic activity across different growth stages of maize. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 14 treatments, including combinations of KSB isolates, mineral potassium, and inorganic potassium. Microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and KSB) were quantified using serial dilution and plating techniques. Enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease) were assessed to understand nutrient interactions and microbial influences. The findings indicate that all treatments exhibited increased microbial populations compared to the control. Notably, treatment 75% recommended potassium dose + 25% potassium from Biotite + OVPS 05 consistently demonstrated the highest microbial growth. The presence of KSB appeared crucial in enhancing bacterial and fungal populations. Additionally, enzymatic activities were significantly influenced by treatments, with 75% recommended potassium dose + 25% potassium from Biotite + OVPS 05 showing the highest dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease activities. These results suggest that the combination of KSB isolates and mineral potassium contributes to enhanced microbial populations and soil enzymatic activities, offering insights into sustainable agriculture practices that balance productivity and soil health. The study sheds light on the intricate relationships between microorganisms, nutrients, and soil biochemical processes, providing valuable guidance for future agricultural strategies.