Polygalacturonates of Biogenic Metals - Prospective Components of New Composite Preparations for Wheat

New bi- and polymetallic complexes of polygalacturonic acid with essential trace elements for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds were created.

Aims: The goal of the research was to create effective environmentally safe preparations of multifunctional action, with low cost rates for grain crops based on natural polymers of pectin nature and to determine the effectiveness of their use for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds.

Methodology: Methods of chemical synthesis of products, research of their structure by atomic force microscopy were used in the work. Laboratory and vegetative experiments were carried out. The substrate is quartz sand. Physiological and biochemical methods were used to determine the working absorbing surface of the roots and its absorbing activity, amylolytic activity, the content of photosynthesis pigments according to Wellburn. The results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics.

Results: The atomic force microscopy method made it possible to detect a mixture of individual polymer molecules and their aggregates in pectin fractions. Depending on the concentration of pectins in the solution, they form different structures. New bi- and polymetallic complexes of polygalacturonic acid with essential trace elements for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds were created. According to the results of laboratory and vegetation experiments, the growth-stimulating activity of polygalacturonates of copper, iron, calcium, and nickel, which were used for pre-sowing processing of Smuhlyanka variety winter soft wheat seeds was determined. Preparations contribute to the active development of the root system of plants, strengthening their physiological activity. The investigated compounds are effective promising components of complex compositional preparations for modern agrotechnologies of winter wheat cultivation.

Conclusion: The use of such metal complexes at an insignificant rate of expenditure should contribute to the increase of economic and ecological indicators of crop production — the reduction of the cost price of wheat grain due to the increase in yield and grain quality.